Insights > MCPD and MCPD Esters
2- and 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (2- and 3-MCPD) are food processing contaminants. 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters, and glycidyl esters are contaminants in processed vegetable oils formed during high-temperature refining.
3-MCPD is classified as a possible human carcinogen, while the toxicity of 2-MCPD is still under study. In January 2018, EFSA published a scientific opinion highlighting that these esterified forms hydrolyze during digestion, producing high amounts of toxic MCPDs. EFSA and JECFA have assessed the associated risks, establishing daily intake thresholds and emphasizing the higher risk for vulnerable groups such as infants and children.
This issue primarily concerns vegetable oils and fats, as well as derivative products such as baked goods. Palm oil, in particular, has been found to contain 6 to 10 times higher levels of MCPDs and glycidyl esters (GE) compared to other oils, raising concerns and leading to changes in the formulation of certain foods, especially those intended for children.
Regulation
In 2018, Regulation (EU) 2018/209 set maximum limits for glycidyl esters in vegetable oils and fats, with particular focus on infant formula, follow-on formula, and foods for special medical purposes intended for infants and young children. In 2020, new limits were introduced for 3-MCPD, 3-MCPD esters, and glycidyl esters in specific foods such as hydrolyzed vegetable proteins, soy sauce, infant formula, and follow-on formula.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915, published on April 25, 2023, updated the maximum limits for certain contaminants in foods, repealing the previous regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. This regulation establishes the maximum allowed levels of 3-MCPD, 3-MCPD esters, and glycidyl esters in various food products.
Analytical Services
Analytical provides testing services to detect the presence of free, esterified MCPDs, and glycidyl esters (GE) in foods. Specifically:
- 3-MCPD Esters: Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol.
- Glycidyl Esters (GE): Glycidyl esters of fatty acids.
We use GC-MS techniques to ensure precise and reliable analysis. Additionally, for specific needs in infant foods and formula, we apply the official ISO 18363-1:2015 method for the determination of MCPD and GE esters.
Our Services Include
- Detection and quantification of 3-MCPD esters.
- Glycidyl esters (GE) analysis.
- Use of advanced GC-MS technology for accurate results.
- Adherence to ISO 18363-1:2015 standards for infant and baby formula testing.
With our advanced methods and continuous improvement, we provide reliable and compliant solutions to ensure food safety and quality.
